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- FDP, Plasma
Special Instructions
If the patient's hematocrit exceeds 55%, the volume of citrate in the collection tube must be adjusted. Refer to Coagulation Collection Procedures for directions.
Expected Turnaround Time
2 - 3 days
Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary.
Related Information
Related Documents
For more information, please view the literature below.
Procedures for Hemostasis and Thrombosis: A Clinical Test Compendium
Specimen Requirements
Specimen
Plasma, frozen
Volume
1 mL
Container
Blue-top (sodium citrate) tube
Collection
Blood should be collected in a blue-top tube containing 3.2% buffered sodium citrate.1 Evacuated collection tubes must be filled to completion to ensure a proper blood-to-anticoagulant ratio.2,3 The sample should be mixed immediately by gentle inversion at least six times to ensure adequate mixing of the anticoagulant with the blood. A discard tube is not required prior to collection of coagulation samples unless the sample is collected using a winged (butterfly) collection system. With a winged blood collection set a discard tube should be drawn first to account for the dead space of the tubing and prevent under-filling of the evacuated tube.4,5 When noncitrate tubes are collected for other tests, collect sterile and nonadditive (red-top) tubes prior to citrate (blue-top) tubes. Any tube containing an alternative anticoagulant should be collected after the blue-top tube. Gel-barrier tubes and serum tubes with clot initiators should also be collected after the citrate tubes. To avoid delays in turnaround time when requesting multiple tests on frozen samples, please submit separate frozen specimens for each test requested.
Please print and use the Volume Guide for Coagulation Testing to ensure proper draw volume.
Storage Instructions
Freeze
Test Details
Use
This assay is used to detect and semi quantitatively measure the presence of FDP in plasma.
Fibrinolysis is the enzymatic breakdown of fibrin in blood clots. Plasmin cuts the fibrin mesh at various places, leading to the production of circulating fragments that are cleared by other proteases. Primary fibrinolysis is a normal body process. The fibrinolytic system serves to limit the formation of thrombi and to facilitate healing or recanalization of a vessel with a thrombotic occlusion. Secondary fibrinolysis is the breakdown of clots due to medicine, disorder, or other cause.
Under normal conditions, the fibrinolytic process is localized on the fibrin clots because alpha2-antiplasmin and the plasminogen activator inhibitors prevent fibrinolysis from spreading. Fibrin Degradation Products (FDP) that occur are very heterogeneous and include products derived from fibrin, soluble complexes, degradation products from fibrinogen, and from nonstabilized fibrin. The presence FDP of in plasma can provide important information for the diagnosis of hemostatic disorders. An abnormal fibrinolytic and/or fibrinogenolytic activity shown by high levels of FDP in plasma can be found in clinical states, such as eclampsia, carcinoma (promyelocytic leukemia), cardiac and renal disorders, hepatic disorders, fibrinolysis, pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), following surgery or trauma, and after lytic therapy.
Increased FDPs are seen in primary fibrinolysis as well as during fibrin clot breakdown. Elevated FDP levels are a hallmark finding in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Elevated FDP levels are not specific for DIC and increased FDP levels are often seen in primary fibrinolysis, severe liver disease, including alcoholic cirrhosis, eclampsia, during acute thrombotic episodes.
Methodology
The FDP Plasma kit provides reagents for the detection and semi-quantitation of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) in plasma by the use of latex particles coated with monoclonal antibodies to FDP.6 When FDPs are present, macroscopic agglutination occurs. Plasma FDP levels may be semi-quantitated by using dilutions of the patients plasma and comparing the agglutination pattern to a positive control.
Reference Interval
<5 μg/mL
Footnotes
1. Adcock DM, Kressin DC, Marlar RA. Effect of 3.2% vs 3.8% sodium citrate concentration on routine coagulation testing. Am J Clin Pathol. 1997; 107(1):105-110.8980376
2. Reneke J, Etzell J, Leslie S, et al. Prolonged prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time due to underfilled specimen tubes with 109 mmol/L (3.2%) citrate anticoagulant. Am J Clin Pathol. 1998; 109(6):754-757.9620035
3. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standardization. Collection, Transport, and Processing of Blood Specimens for Coagulation Testing and General Performance of Coagulation Assays; Approved Guideline. 5th ed. Villanova, Pa: NCCLS; 2008. Document H21-A5:28(5).
4. Gottfried EL, Adachi MM. Prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time can be performed on the first tube. Am J Clin Pathol. 1997; 107(6):681-683.9169665
5. McGlasson DL, More L, Best HA, et al. Drawing specimens for coagulation testing: Is a second tube necessary? Clin Lab Sci. 1999; 12(3):137-139.10539100
6. FDP-Plasma test kit [package insert]. Diagnostica Stago: January 2015 Revision.
References
Moresco RN, Júnior RH, Cláudio Rosa Vargas L, Mariano da Rocha Silla L. Association between plasma levels of D-dimer and fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products (FDP) for exclusion of thromboembolic disorders. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2006 Apr;21(2):199-202.16622618
Moresco RN, Vargas LC, Voegeli CF, Santos RC. D-dimer and its relationship to fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products (FDPs) in disorders associated with activation of coagulation or fibrinolytic systems. J Clin Lab Anal. 2003;17(3):77-79.12696076
Wilde JT, Kitchen S, Kinsey S, Greaves M, Preston FE. Plasma D-dimer levels and their relationship to serum fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products in hypercoagulable states. Br J Haematol. 1989 Jan;71(1):65-70.2917130
Wada H, Sakuragawa N. Are fibrin-related markers useful for the diagnosis of thrombosis? Semin Thromb Hemost. 2008 Feb;34(1):33-38.18393141
LOINC® Map
| Order Code | Order Code Name | Order Loinc | Result Code | Result Code Name | UofM | Result LOINC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 115402 | FDP, Plasma | 30226-5 | 115402 | FDP, Plasma | ug/mL | 30226-5 |
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