Since the development of the first vaccines that comprised inactive or attenuated pathogens, there has been a drive to continue to produce safer vaccine formulations that are more effective, cause fewer side effects and are safer overall. This has resulted in the development of a wide range of vaccine modalities, including viral vector-based component vaccines and DNA/RNA vaccines. One consequence of this has been the development of subunit vaccines, which are more chemically defined and have an enhanced safety profile. Subunit vaccines are vaccines that contain only the antigenic component(s) of a pathogen.

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