UKEMS 2023 -- The OECD 488 test guideline (TG488) on Transgenic Rodent Somatic and Germ Cell Gene Mutation Assays was first adopted in July 2011 and has been revised periodically in July 2013, June 2020 and most recently in June 2022. This guideline describes the use of a variety of transgenic rodent models to reliably measure gene mutations in vivo.

UKEMS 2023 -- The in vivo phosphatidylinositol glycan class A (Pig-a) gene mutation assay is based on the endogenous X-linked Pig-a gene, which codes for an N-acetyl glucosamine transferase that is involved in the biosynthesis of glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol (GPI) anchor for tethering a variety of mammalian cell surface protein markers.

UKEMS 2023 -- The Bhas 42 cell promoter transformation assay is a sensitive short-term system for predicting chemical carcinogenicity related to transformation promotion activity. Bhas 42 cells were established from BALB/c 3T3 A31-1-1 cells by the transfection of v‑Ha‑ras gene.

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